Tanganyika Territory

Tanganyika Territory was the British-administered territory in East Africa that became modern mainland Tanzania. Before the First World War it formed part of German East Africa; British and Belgian forces occupied the region during the East Africa campaign, and after the war the League of Nations formalised British control. The territory was named Tanganyika in 1920, and the mandate was confirmed on 20 July 1922. After the Second World War it became a United Nations trust territory, still administered by Britain. A legislative council with nominated and later elected members advised the governor. Dar es Salaam, the former German colonial capital, remained the capital. Administration relied on a governor, a legislative council and a system of indirect rule through African chiefs, while settler agriculture and the export of sisal, coffee and cotton shaped the economy. Tanganyika gained independence on 9 December 1961 and became a republic a year later, later uniting with Zanzibar to form Tanzania.