Kingdom of Etruria

The Kingdom of Etruria was an Italian kingdom that existed from 1801 to 1807 and covered a large part of modern Tuscany. It was created by the Treaty of Aranjuez, signed on 21 March 1801, as part of a wider agreement between Napoleonic France and Spain. The Bourbons of Parma were compensated for the loss of their northern Italian territory, which French troops had occupied since 1796: Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, ceded his duchy to France, and his son Louis I received the new kingdom, carved out of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. The Habsburg grand duke Ferdinand III was ousted and compensated with the Electorate of Salzburg. Spain secretly agreed to return Louisiana to France in order to secure Etruria as a Spanish client state. Louis I died young in 1803 and his underage son Charles Louis succeeded him, with his mother Maria Luisa of Spain as regent. In 1807 Napoleon dissolved the kingdom and annexed it to France as the departments of Arno, Méditerranée and Ombrone. After Napoleon's fall, Tuscany was restored to its Habsburg grand dukes in 1814.