Principality of Ryazan

The Principality of Ryazan, later the Grand Principality of Ryazan, was a Russian principality from 1129 to 1521, and the most long-lived independent Russian land of them all. It grew out of the Principality of Murom, fully splitting from Chernigov by 1129 as Murom-Ryazan under Yaroslav Sviatoslavich, after Vsevolod Olgovich had driven him from Chernigov. By the end of the twelfth century it was at war with neighbouring Vladimir, which burned Ryazan twice between 1186 and 1208, and in 1217 a dynastic civil war peaked when Gleb Vladimirovich killed six princes and fled to the Cumans, until Ingvar Igorevich beat him and ruled alone. In December 1237 Ryazan became the first Rus' land to meet the Mongol invasion: the duchy was overrun, nearly the whole princely house was killed, and the capital was destroyed and later rebuilt forty miles to the north at the present site of Ryazan. Murom itself was taken by Moscow in 1392, Ryazan fell into Moscow's dependence, and Vasili formally took it in 1521, folding it into the centralised Russian state.