Kingdom of Blambangan

Blambangan was the last Javanese Hindu kingdom, occupying the eastern salient of Java between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries. The region had been a Majapahit province centred on Lumajang, and its eastern court fought the western court in the Regreg war of 1404-06. After Majapahit collapsed at the end of the fifteenth century, Blambangan stood alone as the only Hindu state left in Java, controlling much of the Oosthoek. Its rulers moved their capital several times, from Semboro to Lamajang, Kedawung, Macanputih and Muncar. The kingdom faced pressure from the Islamic states of Demak, Pajang and Mataram to the west and from the Balinese courts of Gelgel and Mengwi across the strait, which treated it as a buffer. It was a vassal of Mataram after the campaigns of 1635-39, suffered civil wars in the 1690s, and was finally absorbed into the Dutch East Indies. Its history survives mainly through scarce records and the popular legend of Damarwulan and Menak Jingga.