Riau-Lingga Sultanate

The Riau-Lingga Sultanate was a Malay maritime kingdom in the Riau Archipelago, created by the partition of the Johor-Riau Sultanate after the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. A succession dispute followed the death of Mahmud Shah III: the British backed Tengku Hussein in Singapore, while the Dutch crowned his half-brother Abdul Rahman in Lingga and seized the regalia from Engku Puteri Hamidah. The treaty divided the old empire along the Singapore Strait. Riau-Lingga retained the islands south of the strait, with its royal seat at Daik on Lingga and its administration at Tanjungpinang. The sultanate was repeatedly pressed by Dutch residents and the Bugis viceroys. Sultan Mahmud IV was deposed in 1857 after travelling to Singapore without Dutch consent. Under Abdul Rahman II, the Roesidijah Club turned the court into a centre of Malay nationalism, refusing to raise the Dutch flag and sending missions to the Ottoman Empire. In 1911 Dutch warships deposed the sultan, and the sultanate was dissolved and administered directly from Batavia.