Bolivia

Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State, is the landlocked country of central South America, split between the Andean west and the tropical lowlands of the east and north. Sucre chose to make a new state rather than join Peru or the River Plate provinces, and on 6 August 1825 it was named for Bolívar, first as the Republic of Bolívar. Sucre is the constitutional capital and seat of the judiciary, La Paz holds the executive, legislature and electoral powers, and Santa Cruz de la Sierra in the lowlands is the largest city and industrial centre. The nineteenth century stripped its edges: Chile took the Pacific coast with its nitrates in the War of the Pacific of 1879 to 1884, and Brazil took Acre in 1899 to 1903, leaving it the largest landlocked country of the southern hemisphere. An oligarchy of mine and land owners ruled until Paraguay's victory in the Chaco War of 1932 to 1935 broke it, and the National Revolution of 1952 gave universal suffrage, nationalised tin and began land reform.