Jalayirid Sultanate

The Jalayirid Sultanate was a Mongol successor state that ruled Iraq and western Iran after the collapse of the Ilkhanate in the 1330s. Its founder, Hasan Buzurg of the Jalayir tribe, established himself at Baghdad, and his son Shaykh Uways expanded into Azerbaijan and took Tabriz, which became a second capital. The sultanate patronised Persian letters and art, and its court was an important centre of the Persianate culture that flourished after the Mongol conquests. The Jalayirids were disrupted by Timur's campaigns in the 1380s and 1390s, which stripped them of Baghdad and Tabriz, and by the rise of the Qara Qoyunlu Turkmens. After Timur's death in 1405 the dynasty briefly recovered southern Iraq and Khuzistan, but the Qara Qoyunlu destroyed it in 1432. Its rulers left a rich legacy of buildings, manuscripts and administrative practice in Iraq and western Iran. Its chancery continued Ilkhanid administrative practice, and its rulers struck coins and issued edicts in Persian, Arabic and Mongolian.