Peru–Bolivian Confederation

The Peru–Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived state in South America that existed from 1836 to 1839. It was a loose union of three constituent states: North Peru, South Peru, and the Bolivian Republic. The two Peruvian states had emerged from the Peruvian Civil War and the Salaverry–Santa Cruz War, and the confederation was formally created by the Pact of Tacna on 1 May 1837. Its architect and Supreme Protector was Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz, who was also president of Bolivia. The confederation's territory covered modern Peru, Bolivia and disputed lands in northern Argentina, with its capital at Tacna. Chile and Argentina regarded the new state as a military and economic threat and supported Peruvian exiles in a restoration war. The confederate army was defeated at the Battle of Yungay in January 1839, and General Agustín Gamarra proclaimed the confederation's dissolution on 25 August 1839. Bolivia and Peru then separated again, ending the most ambitious attempt to unite the Andes under a single government.